A frictional power transmission belt includes a tension layer forming a belt back surface, a compression rubber layer to be in contact with a pulley and frictionally engaged with the pulley, and a tension member embedded between the tension layer and the compression rubber layer along a belt length direction. The compression rubber layer has a surface to be in contact with the pulley. At least a part of the surface is coated with a fiber layer via a fiber/resin mixture layer. The fiber/resin mixture layer contains a resin component and heat-resistant fibers having a softening point or a melting point higher than a vulcanization temperature of a rubber forming the compression rubber layer. The fiber layer contains hydrophilic heat-resistant fibers having a softening point or a melting point higher than the vulcanization temperature and does not contain a resin component.