[Object] To provide a power transmission and reception control device configured to check whether another consumer is controlling a direct-current bus line when interchanging direct-current power.[Solution] Provided is a power transmission and reception control device including: a power transmission and reception control unit configured to control transmission and reception of direct-current power over a direct-current power line through a DC-to-DC converter connected to the direct-current power line; a power transmission and reception management unit configured to request the power transmission and reception control unit to control the DC-to-DC converter; and a power transmission and reception arbitration unit configured to request the power transmission and reception management unit to perform transmission and reception of power through the DC-to-DC converter. When the power transmission and reception arbitration unit instructs the power transmission and reception management unit to set voltage to the direct-current power line, the power transmission and reception management unit causes the power transmission and reception control unit to set the voltage to the direct-current power line a predetermined number of times by using a random number, and if voltage and current of the direct-current power line are set values, the power transmission and reception management unit instructs the power transmission and reception arbitration unit to acquire a control right of the direct-current power line.