A damper has a shell with a cavity. A rotating shaft is rotatably inserted into the cavity of the shell, the portion of the rotating shaft located in the cavity is provided with external thread; a guiding sleeve with internal thread can move along axially reciprocatingly to attach to the shell cavity, and the internal thread and the male thread of the rotating shaft are screwed together; A guiding structure is provided in the shell cavity. The guiding sleeve is engaged or disengaged with the guiding structure by axial movement, and when the two are disengaged, the guiding sleeve can rotate with the rotating shaft. The guiding sleeve is provided with a one-way valve passage. The one-way valve passage opens when the guiding sleeve is axially disengaged with the guiding structure. When the guiding sleeve moves axially in the reverse direction, the one-way valve passage is closed.