An organic light-emitting device (100) comprising an anode (103); a cathode (109); a light-emitting layer (107) between the anode and the cathode; a first hole-transporting layer (105A) comprising a first conjugated hole-transporting polymer between the anode and the light-emitting layer; and a second hole-transporting layer (105B) comprising a second conjugated hole-transporting polymer between the first hole-transporting layer and the light-emitting layer, wherein a lowest excited state energy level of the first hole-transporting polymer is lower than the lowest excited state energy of the second hole-transporting polymer.