An image collecting system, an image collecting processing system and an image collecting processing method are provided by embodiments of the present disclosure. The image collecting system (100) includes a pick-up device (130) and a polarizing device (152). The pick-up device (130) is configured to acquire a first image and a second image of a target scene. The polarizing device (152) is disposed in an input path of the pick-up device (130) corresponding to the second image when the pick-up device (130) acquires the second image, to allow first incident light (110) for forming the first image and second incident light (120) for forming the second image, entering the pick-up device (130), to have different polarization states. The embodiments of the present disclosure can reduce the amount of image information processing and improve the accuracy of image processing.