Embodiments of the present invention provide a beam alignment method and apparatus. The method includes: communicating with a second device according to a first timeslot structure by sequentially using beams in N directions in a first traversal structure, and obtaining first receive powers when signals transmitted by the second device are received; determining an optimal beam of a first device according to the first receive powers; transmitting signals to the second device according to the first timeslot structure by sequentially using the beams in the N directions in the first traversal structure, and receiving, by using the optimal beam, the signals transmitted by the second device; and when it is determined that the second device determines an optimal beam of the second device, communicating with the second device by using the optimal beam of the first device and by using a second timeslot structure.