The disclosure relates to an image compression system, an image decompression system, a training method and device, as well as a display device. In the image compression system, convolutional neural network modules are used to complete the update and prediction processes. As such, the weight of each filtering unit in the convolutional neural network module can be trained in order to provide the corresponding image compression system with a better compression rate, thereby reducing the difficulty in setting the filtering parameters of the image compression unit and the image decompression unit.