The utility model relates to a bolt type rail gauge adjusting device, which comprises a shoulder blocking shim plate, an iron shim plate and a wedge-shaped rail gauge block which is arranged between the shoulder blocking shim plate and the iron shim plate. The utility model is characterized in that blocking plates are oppositely and fixedly connected to both ends of the shoulder blocking shim plate. Opposite screw holes are arranged on both ends of the wedge-shaped rail gauge block, which are opposite to the blocking plates and through holes of a screw bolt are arranged in a position where the blocking plates are opposite to the screw holes. A screw bolt is arranged in the through holes of the screw bolt, and is connected with the inner part of the screw holes through threads after the screw rod penetrates through the through holes of a screw bolt.