The utility model belongs to the technical field of spectral imaging, and relates to a portable multispectral imaging device based on a mobile phone, which has two forms: one form is composed of a mobile phone, an LCTF and an optical lens; the mobile phone, the LCTF and the optical lens or the optical path converter are connected in sequence. The optical lens, the LCTF and the optical path of themobile phone camera are coaxial. The other one is composed of a mobile phone, an LCTF, an optical lens and an optical path converter. Wherein the mobile phone, the LCTF, the optical lens and the optical path converter are sequentially connected, and optical paths of the optical lens, the optical path converter, the LCTF and the mobile phone camera are coaxial; the portable multispectral imaging device based on the mobile phone has the advantages of being high in precision, low in power consumption, high in convenience, excellent in scene integration and the like, and can be applied to the fields of agricultural product detection, food safety detection, medical health diagnosis and the like.