The utility model discloses an adjustable medical phantom for mammary gland molybdenum target puncture positioning. The breast model comprises a breast silica gel phantom and a calcium-containing module, a long channel is formed in the breast silica gel phantom, the breast model further comprises a silica gel carrier which is matched with the long channel and provided with a plurality of grooves,the calcium-containing module is placed in any one of the grooves, and the calcium-containing module is a silica gel small body which is matched with the groove and contains calcium carbonate particles. The silica gel small body containing calcium carbonate particles inside better simulates the characteristics of a breast focus on a molybdenum target image, that is, only a calcification point canbe seen and is consistent with the clinical actual situation, and skill training practice and understanding of a practitioner are better facilitated. Meanwhile, the position of the silica gel small body containing the calcium carbonate particles can be adjusted, a practitioner can conveniently puncture focuses of different depths, and the puncture practice accuracy is improved.