The utility model relates to a test device of loading capability and communication distance of a 485 communication circuit of an intelligent electric energy meter, which is characterized by comprising a single chip microcomputer circuit connected with a 485 communication circuit. The 485 communication circuit is connected with a resistance analog circuit. The single chip microcomputer circuit comprises a single chip microcomputer U1 in 78F9222 type. The 485 communication circuit comprises a chip U15 in MAX 3085 chip, a resistor R21, a resistor R26, a resistor R29, a resistor R33, a resistor R34, a resistor R36, a resistor R37, a resistor R85, an optical coupler OP1 and an optical coupler OP2, a triode Q3 and a capacitor C14 are connected. The resistance analog circuit comprises an adjustable resistor R1, an adjustable resistor R2, an adjustable R3, a switch S1, a switch S2 and a switch S3 which are connected with an A interface and a B interface of the 485 communication circuit. The test device can test the loading capability and the communication distance of the 485 communication circuit through resistance analog load and an analog communication wire resistor and provides evidences for optimization of circuit design and improvement of reliability of the 485 communication circuit.