The invention relates to a marine organism attachment prevention and control system for ships and a monitoring method. The system comprises a first insulating layer, an induced electric layer, a second insulating layer and a conductive antifouling coating which are sequentially arranged outwards on a ship base body, each conductive grid in the induced electric layer is influenced by the voltage ofthe conductive antifouling coating at the corresponding position of the conductive grid, and induced voltage is generated in each conductive grid. The damage condition of the conductive antifouling coating can be known by detecting, comparing and analyzing the induced voltage generated in each conductive grid. According to the prevention and control system and the method, the damage condition ofthe conductive antifouling coating can be detected in real time, the timeliness is good, the prevention and treatment system and method can be used in berthing or sailing, the accurate damage position can be directly obtained, the intelligent degree is high, the detection accuracy is high, and the man-machine effect is good.