The invention provides a zanthoxylum schinifolium threshing and branch smashing device and azanthoxylum schinifolium threshing method. The zanthoxylum schinifolium threshing and branch smashing devicecomprises a frame, a separation sieve, a threshing mechanism and a branch smashing mechanism. The separation sieve is arranged on the upper portion of the frame and provided with feeding ports and acollection trough. The threshing mechanism is arranged under the separation sieve and comprises at least one threshing unit, each threshing unit comprises a guide pipe and a conveying structure, eachguide pipe is used for shearing zanthoxylum schinifolium branches and guiding sheared branches, and each conveying structure is used for conveying the sheared branches to a downstream part. Upper-endorifices of the guide pipes are positioned at the feeding ports and provided with cutting blades, and the branch smashing mechanism is positioned at the downstream position of the threshing mechanismand used for prefixing and smashing the branches. The zanthoxylum schinifolium branches with zanthoxylum schinifolium clusters are fed through the feeding ports, then the zanthoxylum schinifolium clusters are separated from the branches by the cutting blades at upper ends of the guide pipes and fall into the collection trough to be collected, and accordingly damage of the zanthoxylum schinifoliumclusters can be avoided; after the branches are conveyed through the guide pipes and the conveying mechanism, the branches fall into the branch smashing mechanism to be smashed, so that convenience inrecycling is achieved.