The invention discloses a separated double-cylinder magnetorheological damper. The damper comprises a first piston cylinder and a second piston cylinder which are arranged in mutual angular communication, the first piston cylinder comprises a piston inner cylinder and a piston outer cylinder which are coaxially arranged, and a magnetorheological fluid circulation channel is formed among the pistoninner cylinder, the piston outer cylinder and the second piston cylinder; a piston rod assembly capable of reciprocating in the axial direction of the piston inner cylinder is arranged in the pistoninner cylinder, a first magnetorheological fluid adjusting mechanism is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the piston inner cylinder, and a second magnetorheological fluid adjusting mechanism is arranged in the second piston cylinder; and the first magnetorheological fluid adjusting mechanism and the second magnetorheological fluid adjusting mechanism are provided with magnetorheological fluid channels capable of supplying magnetorheological fluid to form different flow circulation loops. According to the technical scheme, the damper solves the problems that a passive vibration damping device is difficult to adaptively adjust the limit of the damping force according to working conditions and the control algorithm of the magnetorheological damper is complex, so that independent adjustment ofthe compression force and the restoring force of the magnetorheological damper is realized.