The invention discloses a ball screw parameter visual measurement method based on image curvature rapid calculation, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining an original ball screw design information template containing original parameter data; acquiring a normal section image of the ball screw through image acquisition equipment; carrying out image curvature calculation on the collected normal section image of the ball screw through an image rapid calculation method to obtain an average image curvature; acquiring edge contour information data of the normal section image of theball screw through the average image curvature; performing correlation calculation on the original parameter data in the original ball screw design information template and the edge contour information data of the normal section image of the ball screw, and determining region position information of double arcs of the ball screw; and fitting of circle center and radius information data of the double arcs is carried out through a least square method, and obtaining ball screw parameters through calculation. The method has the characteristics of high measurement efficiency and convenience in use.