The invention provides a zero-position and due-north calibration device for a vehicle-mounted 30-mm artillery system, and a calibration method, and belongs to the field of tracking and positioning ofartillery. The zero-position and due-north calibration device comprises a borescope, a GPS receiver, two GPS antenna assemblies and connecting cables; the two GPS antenna assemblies are connected withthe GPS receiver through the connecting cables; the GPS receiver is used for data receiving and calculation of zero-position and due-north included angle data of the vehicle-mounted artillery system;an inserting rod of the borescope is mounted in an artillery firing tube; the first GPS antenna assembly is mounted in the middle of the inserting rod of the borescope in a sleeving mode through a mounting support; and the second GPS antenna assembly is horizontally placed on the ground at a distance of more than 10 m from the vehicle-mounted artillery system. According to the calibration methodfor zero-position and due-north calibration of the system through the device, manual operation is simplified, the dotting error and artificial errors brought by GPS antenna placement, the calibrationpoint the coincidence degree and the like of an existing calibration method are eliminated, the calibration precision is improved, and the calibration precision is not larger than 0.3 mil.