The present invention belongs to the technical field of rail shock-absorbing performance monitoring devices, and discloses a rail shock-absorbing pad fatigue test device. The rail shock-absorbing padfatigue test device comprises a box body; a first column and a second column are arranged in the box body; a lower pressing block is slidably connected to the first column; and a storage block is slidably connected to the second column; a first moving device for driving the lower pressing block to move up and down is arranged in the box body; a second moving device for driving the storage block tomove up and down is arranged inside the second column; the storage block is arranged on one side of the lower pressing block near the bottom of the box. The present invention also discloses a monitoring system for the rail shock-absorbing pad fatigue test device. The monitoring system comprises a control system, a load cell sensor, a first motor, a second motor, and a decoder. The rail shock-absorbing pad fatigue test device provided by the present invention is configured to detect rail shock-absorbing pad fatigue performance, so that a corresponding rail shock-absorbing pad is selected in afacilitated manner according to the detection data. The present invention also provides a monitoring system for the rail shock-absorbing pad fatigue test device, and the operation of the first motor is controlled by the control system to squeeze a rail shock-absorbing pad.