The invention discloses a cascading authentication system based on a block chain. The cascading authentication system comprises a plurality of independent distributed provincial network domains and ablock chain network, wherein the distributed provincial network domain comprises an identity authentication server, a user client and a block chain network node, the identity authentication server isconnected with the user client and the block chain network node, the user client is connected with the block chain network node, and the distributed provincial network domain at least comprises an accounting network node and a service node; the block chain network comprises a plurality of servers and a plurality of blockchain nodes arranged in a distributed provincial network domain, and the servers and the block chain network nodes are connected in a networking mode of a point-to-point network.