The invention provides a single pile vertical dynamic and static load loading test device and a method. The loading test device comprises a support assembly, a loading control system and a data collection system, wherein the support assembly comprises a model box, a loading framework and a counterforce framework; the loading framework is arranged at the upper part of the model box; the counterforce framework is arranged on the periphery of the model box; the lower part of the loading framework is connected with the upper part of the counterforce framework; the loading control system comprisesa servo electric cylinder, a servo driver, a PLC and a PC; the servo electric cylinder is arranged on the loading frame; the servo electric cylinder, the servo driver, the PLC and the PC are sequentially and electrically connected; the data collection system comprises a displacement sensor, a soil pressure box, a plurality of strain gages and a strain meter; the displacement sensor is arranged onthe loading framework; the soil pressure box is buried under a single pile; and the plurality of the strain gages are stuck inside the single pile. The stress characteristics of highway and railway bridge pile foundation piles under the effect of vertical dynamic and static combined load can be really simulated.