The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical manufacturing, and in particular relates to an electrochemical pretreatment and in-situ electrolytic deposition method. By means of themethod, a metal substrate is electrochemically pretreated in a pretreatment solution to obtain a pretreated metal substrate; and the surface of the pretreated metal substrate is maintained in a wet state in the pretreatment solution and is placed in an electrolytic deposition solution for electrolytic deposition, and a metal-electrodeposited layer is obtained. The surface electrochemical pretreatment and in-situ electrolytic deposition technology is adopted, electrochemical pretreatment is firstly performed on the surface of the substrate, then an in-situ technology is adopted for maintainingthe surface state of the substrate after pretreatment, and the electrolytic deposition process is directly carried out for growth of the metal-electrodeposited layer, so that the bonding strength between the electrolytic deposition and the substrate is significantly improved, and the bonding strength can be even higher than the tensile strength of the substrate.