The invention discloses a brazing method of a high-volume-fraction silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and an aluminum-silicon alloy. The brazing method includes thefollowing steps that S1, the to-be-welded surfaces of the silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and the aluminum-silicon alloy are subjected to surface clearing; S2,ceramic powder is prearranged on the to-be-welded surface of the aluminum-silicon alloy after treatment in the S1; S3, a brazing filler metal is placed between the to-be-welded surfaces of the aluminum-silicon alloy and the silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material to form a to-be-welded part; and S4, under the protective atmosphere, the to-be-welded part is heated up,kept warm and pressurized to 5-20 MPa, and continuous heat preservation and pressure maintaining are conducted, and then the to-be-welded part is furnace-cooled to the room temperature. According tothe brazing method, oxide films on the surfaces of the silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and the aluminum-silicon alloy are broken by using the hard ceramic powderto assist the metal brazing filler metal, the brazing filler metal is fully wetted and spreads on the surfaces of the silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and the aluminum-silicon alloy, and metallurgical bonding of the connection surface of the silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and the aluminum-silicon alloy is induced.