The invention discloses an electromagnetic vortex imaging method based on orbital angular momentum bimodal multiplexing, which comprises the steps of firstly, constructing a uniform circular array, changing the frequency of an excitation signal transmitted by the uniform circular array and the number of the orbital angular momentum modals, and enabling the uniform circular array to sequentially generate vortex electromagnetic waves with different frequencies and different angular momentum modal multiplexing to irradiate a target; sequentially receiving target echo data of the vortex electromagnetic waves with different frequencies and different modal multiplexing by adopting a single receiving array element antenna, and performing phase compensation processing on the target echo data; andprocessing each piece of target echo data after phase compensation processing by adopting a Hilbert transform method, demodulating target information carried by a single orbital angular momentum modal, reconstructing frequency-single modal two-dimensional echo data, and then performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the frequency-single modal two-dimensional echo data to obtain a target two-dimensional image. Compared with vortex electromagnetic wave imaging which does not utilize modal multiplexing and carries single modal orbital angular momentum in a traversing manner, the method reduces the orbital angular momentum traversal by half and improves electromagnetic vortex imaging efficiency.