The invention provides a method for recovering soluble phosphorus in phosphogypsum. The method comprises the following steps: mixing phosphogypsum with water according to a mass ratio of 1: (2-50), carrying out oscillating and standing successively to obtain a precipitate and a supernatant liquid, and filtering the supernatant liquid to obtain a phosphogypsum solution; adding a calcium salt solution into the obtained phosphogypsum solution, adjusting the pH value of the formed mixed solution to 6.8-11.2, and carrying out a stirring reaction for 5 min or more to obtain a mixture; filtering themixture to obtain a filtrate and filter residues; and drying the obtained filter residues to obtain phosphorus-containing solids. According to the method for recovering the soluble phosphorus in the phosphogypsum, a calcium salt is used as a recycling agent, so phosphorus recovering cost is reduced, and the recovering rate of phosphorus is increased; and the recovering rate of phosphorus in embodiments of the invention reaches 99% or above, the phosphorus content of the obtained phosphorus-containing solids is 23% or above, and the phosphorus-containing solids are suitable for being used as araw material of the phosphate industry.