The invention relates to the field of sanitation vehicle monitoring, and discloses a monitoring system and method for an automatic driving sanitation vehicle. The monitoring system comprises: an information collection device arranged on the automatic driving sanitation vehicle and used for collecting position information of the automatic driving sanitation vehicle in real time and for collecting the image information of the automatic driving sanitation vehicle by response to video collection signals; and a server comprising a receiving module used for receiving the position information acquired by the information collection device in real time, a determination module used for determining whether the stay time of the automatic driving sanitation vehicle at a preset position exceeds a presetfirst time threshold value set corresponding to the preset position or not under the condition that the actual position corresponding to the position information is the preset position, a signal sending module used for sending the video collection signals under the condition that the determination result of the determination module is yes, and a first display module used for receiving and displaying the image information from the automatic driving sanitation vehicle. The monitoring system and method for the automatic driving sanitation vehicle achieve monitoring and management of the sanitation vehicle.