The invention relates to the field of development and testing of marine oil and gas, and discloses an underwater testing tree vertical pipe control system. The underwater testing tree vertical pipe control system is characterized by comprising a platform controller, a job monitor, an umbilical pipeline, an energy accumulator, a gas-liquid control box, a seabed vertical pipe control system and a hydraulic actuator hydraulic cylinder, wherein the seabed vertical pipe control system comprises a hydraulic seabed vertical pipe electronic control system and a seabed vertical pipe hydraulic control system. The seabed vertical pipe hydraulic control system also comprises a number of pressure sensors and displacement sensors. The underwater testing tree vertical pipe control system has the characteristics of rapid response, fast signal transmission, correct command issuing, fast response and real-time feedback of an execution system and the like; various emergency plans and various control modes are set for objects such as an underwater testing tree, and a check valve controlled by the control system; and the safety of deepwater testing, well repairing, tubing flow displacement and other operation is guaranteed very well.