The invention belongs to the technical field of bridge construction, and discloses a supporting structure for box girder zero block pouring. The structure is technically characterized by comprising abearing platform, pier bodies, a plurality of supporting rods, a distribution beam, a supporting plate, a diagonal bracing and a mooring rope, one end of the mooring rope is connected with the bottomend of the diagonal bracing, the middle part of the mooring rope is connected with the top end of the diagonal bracing, and the other end is connected with a tensioning device. The construction process matched with the supporting structure for box girder zero block pouring is disclosed, the construction process comprises the following steps of erecting a support, laying a bottom mold plate and anouter mold plate, loading pre-pressing force, tensioning the mooring rope to enable the bottom mold plate to be reset, unloading the pre-pressing force, erecting an inner mold plate and a top plate mold plate, pouring, tensioning prestress tendons, and dismounting the mold plates and the support. The structure can carry out reverse loading stress on the support to keep the support in a standard position under a load state, the situation of the mold plates under the concrete pressure is completely simulated, and the effect of pouring quality is ensured.