The invention discloses a disaster information rapid extraction method based on video image analysis, and belongs to the field of big data and artificial intelligence combined with geographic information. The disaster information rapid extraction method comprises the following steps: firstly, acquiring disaster area information, taking event occurrence GPS position data as a center, defining an influence area by using an intensity circle for rasterization, and screening out and grouping each population density area; then extracting cameras in each group, and dividing the cameras containing a certain architectural sign into effective camera groups; finally, for a certain effective camera, extracting key frames of time periods before and after the vibration time point T, respectively establishing key frame sequences, and respectively performing similarity calculation for comparison and detection; and similarly, calculating similarity comparison difference values of all effective cameras; and weighting all comparison difference values to obtain a damage index of the symbolic building, completing damage index labeling of each group of population density areas, and drawing a damage index contour line to form identification and labeling of a key target area. The disaster information rapid extraction method improves the image processing speed, and is higher in the range precision of the data set.