The invention discloses a track clearance invasion detection method and device based on image comparison. The track clearance invasion detection method based on image comparison comprises the steps ofcollecting rail transit road condition images in real time in the train running process; when a train is positioned in a station, enabling the train to transmit the rail transit road condition images, from a previous station to a current station, collected by the train to the current station; enabling the current station to transmit the rail transit road condition images, from the previous station to the current station, to the previous station; enabling the current station to transmit rail transit road condition reference images, from the current station to the next station, to the current train; enabling the current train to compare the received rail transit road condition reference images with the rail transit road condition images collected by the train in real time; and detecting whether there is clearance invasion on a track or not. The track clearance invasion detection method based on image comparison is simple and not limited by an application scene; whether there is clearance invasion on the track or not can be fed back in real time; and the rail transit safety can be enhanced.