The invention provides an epoxy pouring type insulating tube type bus fault detection device and method. The detection device comprises a connecting and fixing part, a gas collecting part, a gas sampling part and a gas chromatograph, the connecting and fixing part is used for fixing the device at a gas outlet reserved at an insulating tube type bus joint part and connecting the device with the gasoutlet; the gas collection part is used for collecting gas escaping from the insulating layer of the insulating tube type bus; the gas sampling part is used for quantitatively extracting gas stored in the gas collecting part so as to perform gas analysis; and the gas chromatograph is used for carrying out gas chromatographic analysis on the collected gas sample, and carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection and partial discharge detection on the insulating tube type bus when the components and the content of the gas sample are changed. Periodic power failure maintenance and overhaul are not needed, faults can be found and eliminated in time in the early stage of fault development, and the operation safety and reliability of the insulating tube type bus are effectively improved.