The invention discloses an automatic sorting device of cable cores. The automatic sorting device of the cable cores comprises a frame, a positioning module, a cable feeding module, a sorting module and a conveying module; wherein the actions of the positioning module and the cable feeding module are both completed by a cylinder combination; the sorting module consists of a screw module and a finger cylinder, which can realize the movement in the three directions of X axis, Y axis and Z axis in space; and the sorting module consists of a conveyor belt and a cable clamp. When sorting, it is needto put the cable cores into slots on the cable feeding module, and the number of the slots is equal to the number of the cable cores; then the sorting order of the cable cores in the slots is obtained through a vision system, and an optimal sorting scheme is calculated; and then the sorting module is controlled to perform positional exchange in pairs on the two cable cores in the slots, so as toachieve the sorting of the cable cores. The automatic sorting device of cable cores disclosed by the invention can realize the sorting of a plurality of cable cores, which has high efficiency and highaccuracy.