The invention provides an environmentally-friendly lithium battery case hydrocarbon cleaner. The environmentally-friendly lithium battery case hydrocarbon cleaner comprises 50-90 wt% of n-paraffin solvent oil, 0-10 wt% of a composite additive, 10-20 wt% of a food-grade alcohol ether solvent, 0-10 wt% of a food-grade monocyclic monoterpene solvent, 0-1 wt% of halogenated hydrocarbon and 0-10 wt% ofa dispersant. The environmentally-friendly lithium battery case hydrocarbon cleaner has strong cleaning power and light smell, can effectively clean metal dusts on the surface of a lithium battery case to prevent re-pollution in the cleaning process, caused by intermolecular force induced re-adsorption of the metal dusts, and also can be recovered and repeatedly used to reduce the cost.