The invention discloses a steel pipe pile guide frame structure and a construction method. The steel pipe pile guide frame structure is used for guiding in the installation process of a steel pipe pile of a trestle and comprises two sets of supporting beams, at least one transverse beam, at least two pairs of guiding frames and a pair of supporting legs; the supporting beams are longitudinally arranged along the trestle; the transverse beams are transversely fixed to the top surfaces of the supporting beams along the trestle to form an integrated structure; each pair of guiding frames are oppositely arranged on the supporting beams for guiding in the process of lowering the steel pipe pile; the supporting legs are symmetrically arranged on the bottom surfaces of the supporting beams and supported on a trestle main transverse beam constructed in the foremost portion; the height of each pair of supporting legs can be adjusted, wherein the rear end of the integrated structure in the longitudinal direction of the trestle is hinged to two Bailey truss sets at the rear side of the trestle main transverse beam, and the integrated structure can be horizontal by adjusting the height of thesupporting legs. The steel pipe pile guide frame structure has the advantages of being suitable for long-period strong surge conditions without outside sea protection and the like, and can be widely applied to the technical field of water transportation engineering construction.