The invention discloses a siliceous nanoparticle drug carrier, a diagnostic therapeutic preparation thereof and a preparation method. The carrier is a vesicle having a lipid bilayer structure formed by doping hydration and self-assembly of a fluorescent amphiphilic molecule and a silicon-containing composite liposome, wherein the fluorescent amphiphilic molecule is a compound taking a glycerol skeleton structure as a core and formed by a bonded hydrophobic long chain and a fluorescent group; the silicon-containing composite liposome is composed of a silicon-containing inorganic precursor, a hydrophobic lipid chain, and a linking group coupling the silicon-containing inorganic precursor and the hydrophobic lipid chain, and the silicon-containing inorganic precursor of the silicon-containingcomposite liposome is hydrolyzed and then hydrolysis products are condensed to form an inorganic silicate network structure distributed on the surface of the vesicle. The diagnostic and therapeutic preparation prepared by using the carrier to load a drug has high stability, combines two drug controlled release mechanisms, that is pH and photothermal response, and enhances the stability of the fluorescent group. Through combination of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy, the recurrence rate of tumors is effectively reduced.