The invention belongs to the technical field of magnetic materials, and discloses a preparation method of an anisotropic SmCo/MnBi composite magnet. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) respectively preparing SmCo magnetic powders and MnBi magnetic powders; and 2) uniformly mixing the SmCo magnetic powders and the MnBi magnetic powders according to a certain ratio, carrying outoriented forming to prepare a compact, and carrying out low-temperature fast sintering on the compact through the high magnetic field assisted laser low-temperature sintering technology to prepare the anisotropic SmCo/MnBi composite magnet. The preparation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that through the high magnetic field assisted laser low-temperature sintering technology,the technical bottleneck that the coercivity of a samarium-cobalt magnet is reduced during high-temperature densification is effectively solved, and a low-melting-point phase in a MnBi magnet is reasonably utilized, so that the density of the SmCo/MnBi composite magnet is improved, and residual magnetism in the magnet is optimized; and meanwhile, the rare earth content in the magnet is reduced, so that the cost is lowered.