The invention relates to the technical field of fastener detection and particularly relates to a bolt loosening test device which comprises a testing machine and a driving control component. The testing machine comprises a moving plate, a fixed plate and a monitoring component, the moving plate and the fixed plate are arranged in parallel, a gap is between the moving plate and the fixed plate, a first simulation contact block passes through the moving plate, a second simulation contact block opposite to the first simulation contact block passes through the fixed plate, the first simulation contact block has a first through hole, and the second simulation contact block has a second through hole which correspondingly communicates with the first through hole. A tested bolt can pass through the first through hole and the second through hole in sequence to connect a tested nut. The monitoring component comprises a first monitoring component which is connected to the tested nut, and the driving control component is connected to the moving plate. According to the bolt loosening test device, the reliability of a bolt connection structure can be tested, and a test basis is further providedfor improving the loosening prevention performance of a bolt connection structure. The device has the advantages of convenient operation, low failure rate and stable performance.