The invention discloses a digital dual-mode train tail system based on wireless communication, which comprises a train tail locomotive platform installed on a locomotive and a train tail main engine installed on the train tail. The train tail locomotive platform comprises a main engine, an antenna respectively connected with the main engine, a train tail control box and a control cable. The main engine comprises a power supply unit, a recording unit, a communication unit and a main control unit of the train tail locomotive platform. The main control unit of the train tail locomotive platform is respectively connected with the recording unit and the communication unit through an RS232 interface, and the communication unit comprises a GSM-R module, a 400 MHz digital channel machine and a combiner,The input ends of the R module and the 400MHz digital channel machine are connected with the main control unit of train tail locomotive platform respectively, and the combiner is connected withan antenna. The invention solves the weak field problem of mountain tunnel communication, saves the investment of the mobile repeater and the interval relay equipment, solves the problem of the same frequency interference, improves the operation efficiency of the train tail, and reduces the overall transportation cost.