The invention provides an inner-repairing and outer-curing type self-repairing microcapsule with a cellular structure and a preparation method of the self-repairing microcapsule for the problem existing in a self-repairing system in the prior art. The self-repairing microcapsule comprises a capsule wall and a curing agent coated by the capsule wall, wherein a series of micro-nano microcapsules aredispersed in the curing agent, so as to form the cellular structure; a repairing agent is coated in each of the micro-nano microcapsules. The self-repairing microcapsule system has a micro-nano multinuclear coating structure, so that the stability of the microcapsule is enhanced, meanwhile, the contact probability of the repairing agent and the curing agent are increased, and the repairing efficiency is improved. Additionally, the capsule wall of the self-repairing microcapsule system is modified by silane, silane emulsion which is not hydrolysed after the microcapsule is ruptured can form ahydrophobic membrane in a capillary hole of concrete, and the water content can be prevented from being diffused further; in addition, silane emulsion which is hydrolysed can participate in the synthesis of a wall material, so that the property of the microcapsule is improved.