The invention relates to a strap-down underwater dynamic gravity measuring instrument pressure bearing and temperature control compartment, and belongs to the filed of gravity measurement. A system ismainly composed of a gravity sensor installation base, an attitude sensor installation base, a gravity sensor cylinder protection shell, an inertial measurement unit cylinder protection shell, thin-film electric heating sheets, a polyurethane foam heat preservation material, high-density rubber heat preservation cotton, shock absorbers, shock absorber installation bases, ceramic cushions, an underwater pressure bearing compartment, water contiguity insertion parts and a water surface heat dissipation device based on a semiconductor refrigerator, the main components form three systems of pressure bearing, temperature control and shock absorption, a gravity meter can be protected from seawater corrosion and underwater pressure damage, and precise temperature control of the gravity meter isachieved, so that the gravity meter adapts to underwater complex measuring environments. According to the strap-down underwater dynamic gravity measuring instrument pressure bearing and temperature control compartment, the requirements of underwater dynamic gravity measurement are met, the purpose of improving the underwater adaptability of existing water surface gravity meters is achieved, and the strap-down underwater dynamic gravity measuring instrument pressure bearing and temperature control compartment has the advantages of pressure resistance, shock resistance, corrosion prevention, precise temperature control, low cost, small size and the like.