The invention relates to a riding type monorail transport machine with a self-locking function. A traction device and a carrying device are connected through a connecting rod. An engine is arranged ona rack. A clutch and the engine are connected through a belt. A gearbox comprises an input shaft and an output shaft. The input shaft is connected with the clutch. The engine transmits power to or cuts off the power to the gearbox through the clutch. A drive wheel is installed at one end of the output shaft and driven by the power to roll circumferentially on a monorail. The input shaft of the gearbox is further connected with a self-locking transmission mechanism. The input shaft is connected with the output shaft through the self-locking transmission mechanism. The self-locking transmissionmechanism drives the output shaft. A brake device controls the clutch to be engaged with and disengaged from the input shaft. A braking mode of clutch disengagement and worm wheel and worm self-locking is adopted and is safe and reliable; the machine automatically stops in the limit positions at the two ends of the rail, personnel do not need to follow the machine all the time, and use is convenient; and the application range is wide, and the machine can be suitable for a steep mountain area and different operation environments and can meet different requirements.