The invention discloses a rear single-ducted fan type composite wing aircraft with propeller thrust composite auxiliary wings. A rear single-ducted fan type composite wing aircraft body comprises a fuselage, composite lift wings fixedly mounted on the two sides of the fuselage, and a ducted fan thruster. The fuselage body is arranged as a deck platform; the composite lift wings are internally provided with self-closed ducted fans, and wing hinges are designed on the outer sides of the composite lift wings; and propeller thrusters are arranged at the front ends of the propeller thrust self-energy-supply composite auxiliary wings, self-closed ducted fans are arranged inside the propeller thrust self-energy-supply composite auxiliary wings, and one sides or the two sides of the propeller thrust self-energy-supply composite auxiliary wings are provided with electro-hydraulic gas connectors and wing hinges, and movably connected with the composite lift wings through the wing hinges. The rear single-ducted fan type composite wing aircraft has the characteristics that the takeoff and landing distance is short, the flight speed is high, the wings are high in structural strength and can store energy, flight energy consumption is low, the hang time is long, and safety is high; and the auxiliary wings adopt composite lift, and the applicable range of power is guaranteed.