The invention discloses a deformable plate structure containing pneumatic unit cells. The deformable plate structure comprises two plates arranged in a mirror symmetry mode; each plate comprises a plurality of strip-shaped pneumatic unit cells; the cross section of each strip-shaped pneumatic unit cell is heart-shaped, the cross section of the strip-shaped pneumatic unit cell comprises a mirror-symmetric left heart-shaped segment and a right heart-shaped segment; the lower end of the left heart-shaped segment and the lower end of the right heart-shaped segment are connected, the upper end of the left heart-shaped segment and the upper end of the right heart-shaped segment are connected by a circular arc segment, and the circular arc segment is convex toward the strip-shaped pneumatic unitcell; adjacent strip-shaped pneumatic unit cells located on the same plate are connected through side connection planes on both sides of the strip-shaped pneumatic unit cells; adjacent strip-shaped pneumatic unit cells on different plates are connected through lower connection planes at the lower ends of the strip-shaped pneumatic unit cells. The deformable plate structure containing the pneumaticunit cells can adjust the wall thickness of the strip-shaped pneumatic unit cells to enable the strip-shaped pneumatic unit cells to have a certain bearing capacity; and by pre-charging the strip-shaped pneumatic unit cells, the overall rigidity of the deformable plate structure containing the pneumatic unit cells is adjusted, so that the deformable plate structure containing the pneumatic unit cells has a bearing ability.