The invention discloses a radiation refrigeration optical filter which comprises a substrate. A single surface of the substrate is polished, a metal reflecting layer is arranged on a rough surface ofthe substrate, and an intermediate layer and a top layer are sequentially arranged on the polished surface of the substrate; the intermediate layer comprises layers A and layers B which are alternately arranged; the thicknesses of each layer A and each layer B are 50-400 nm; the layers A are made of silicon dioxide or aluminum oxide, and the layers B are made of titanium dioxide or silicon nitrideor silicon carbide; alternatively, the layers A are made of titanium dioxide or aluminum oxide, and the layers B are made of silicon dioxide or silicon nitride or silicon carbide; the top layer is made of ytterbium fluoride or yttrium fluoride or zinc sulfide; multi-resonant absorption enhancers in wavebands of atmospheric transparent windows (with the wavebands of 8-13 micrometers) are jointly formed by the intermediate layer and the top layer. Compared with the traditional optical filters, the radiation refrigeration optical filter has the advantages that the radiation refrigeration opticalfilter can work in intense light for a long time, and radiation refrigeration can be passively implemented by the radiation refrigeration optical filter.