The invention discloses an electroluminescent polymer based on anthracene derivatives and a preparation method and application thereof. The electroluminescent polymer based on the anthracene derivatives are of a seven-membered fused ring structure, the good planarity is favorable for carrier injection and transport, and the photoelectric properties of a material are improved; a ring fused structure makes the anthracene derivatives have better rigidity, which is beneficial to improving the heat resistance of polymers and meeting the practical needs of the polymers. The polymer has good solubility, can be dissolved by using a common organic solvent, and adopts spin coating, inkjet printing or printing forming to obtain a light-emitting layer of a light-emitting diode.