The invention discloses a method and system for accelerating the projection transformation of a sinusoidal projection format remote sensing product. The transformation method specifically includes: setting eastward and northward lattice point matrixes of an image in a target projection space as required; obtaining a row lattice point matrix and a column lattice point matrix corresponding to the image in the sinusoidal projection space by projection transformation; filtering out the one-dimensional index of the effective pixels of the target projection space; calculating the one-dimensional index corresponding to the effective pixels of the sinusoidal projection space; and based on the two one-dimensional indexes, extracting effective pixels from an initial sinusoidal projection image matrix and assigning the same to the target projection image matrix. By the one-dimensional indexes of the image matrix pixels, the filtering of the effective pixels, and the one-time overall assignment ofthe corresponding pixels, the speed of projection transformation of the sinusoidal projection format remote sensing product is increased.