The invention discloses a system for the real-time detection and positioning of a broken edge of an intelligent conveyer belt, and the system at least comprises a photoelectric sensor module, a rotational speed sensor module, an RFID module, a controller and an upper computer. The photoelectric sensor module, the rotational speed sensor module and the RFID module realize the connection with the controller through an interface circuit, and the communication connection between the controller and the upper computer is achieved through a communication cable. The photoelectric sensor module is disposed under the conveyor belt, and transmits an induction signal to the controller after a damage is detected, and the rotational speed sensor module and the RFID module record the rotational speed, adamage moment and damage position information, and transmit the information to the controller for processing. The upper computer communicates with the controller for the access and/or output of the processed information. The above system can detect and locate the broken edge of the conveyer belt in real time, and provides timely and reliable decision information for production and maintenance.