The invention discloses an automatic detecting and controlling device for operation conditions of a large-scale coke oven ascending pipe. The device comprises an air cylinder, the air cylinder is positioned above an operating platform located above a coke oven gas-collecting pipe, the free end of the air cylinder acts on a turning arm of an ascending pipe water seal cover, and the ascending pipe water seal cover completes opening and closing action through driving of turning of the turning arm; the free end of the air cylinder is hinged with one end of a first rod body, and the other end of the first rod body is hinged with a second rod; two ends of a second rod body are used as first and second ends, the first end is hinged to a position from the top surface of a coke oven to the middle part of the ascending pipe, and the second end forms a pulling rod convenient to be held and apply force; and two extreme rotational positions of the second rod are used as reference, contrast scale identification corresponding to each position of rotating areas, a position detecting component which is arranged on the second rod body and can instantly obtain instantaneous corresponding position information of the second pole body in the contrast scale identification in the follow-up process and an information transmission component feeding back the read information to a control system are arranged.