An embodiment of the application discloses a fuel gas valve well monitoring device and method. The monitoring device is used for collecting safety class index data of a gas valve well through an acquisition module every preset time period; after data to be monitored is obtained, the data to be monitored is transmitted to a detection module, the detection module is used for comparing the data to bemonitored and a preset data threshold value, a detection result is obtained, a sending module is used for sending alarm prompt information including attribute information of the data to be monitoredto a monitoring center when the detection result indicates that the data to be monitored is greater than the preset data threshold value, a manual patrol inspection mode for fuel gas valve well monitoring in technologies of the prior can be converted into a real time automatic monitoring mode, labor cost and overall power consumption can be lowered, and security of the fuel gas valve well can be improved.