The invention discloses a polarization code hybrid automatic retransmission request method based on high-order modulation unequal error protection characteristics, and belongs to the field of physicallayer communication protocol design in a communication system. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, for each information bit that needs to be transmitted, encoding the information bit into a codeword, modulating the codeword into a high-order symbol, sending the high-order symbol to a receiving end for decoding, in the case of failure, establishing a mathematical model and solving in view of the length and the modulation mapping mode of the codeword by using a noise condition of a real channel to obtain a subscript index of the information bit that needs to be retransmitted eachtime, retransmitting a serial number of an equivalent binary input subchannel and the retransmission times of the information bit through the equivalent binary input subchannel, recording the same ina memory, and reading the memory to obtain the symbol sequence to be retransmitted during each retransmission. According to the polarization code hybrid automatic retransmission request method, the error frame rate during decoding is low, the system throughput is improved, the performance of the entire communication system is improved, the entire system is more flexible, and the polarization codehybrid automatic retransmission request method is suitable for different parameter configurations in an actual communication system.