The invention discloses a synchronous lifting control system and method of an RGV (rail guided vehicle) hydraulic lifting mechanism. The synchronous lifting control system comprises an oil tank, an oil pump and a plurality of oil cylinders used for driving rising and falling; an electromagnetic valve is arranged on an ascending branch oil circuit of each oil cylinder; and the synchronous lifting control system further comprises a sensor used for monitoring the height positions of oil cylinder piston rods and a controller controlling the whole system. Through program control, the difference ofthe heights of the oil cylinders which rise and fall at the fastest speed and at the slowest speed is made, so that the oil cylinder which rises and falls at the fastest speed is judged, and the lifting oil circuit of the oil cylinder is disconnected through the corresponding electromagnetic valve; and in this way, the rising and falling heights of the multiple oil cylinders are controlled in thepreset range, and relative synchronization of rising and falling of each oil cylinder is achieved.