The invention discloses a one picture mode-based coal mine management system. The system is based on a computer network and a coal mine excavation engineering plan, and comprises a data source layer,a collaborative update service layer, a data storage layer and a business application layer, wherein the data source layer includes internal data in corresponding databases in the data storage layer through the collaborative update layer; the business application layer associates dispersed business application systems to form a comprehensive application system; and the data storage layer comprisesthe business database, the space database and real-time data. According to the one picture mode-based coal mine management system, a normative standard system is established; and data integrated management, temporal space data management and space data services are realized.